1.
Bacteriological Studies On Milk With Particular Reference To Public Health
by Amin, Sh.M | Dr. M. Ajmal | Dr. Abrar Hussain Gilani | Mr. Riaz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0164,T] (1).
2.
Bacterial Causes Of Pneumonia In Sheep
by Khadim Hussain, Ch | Dr . M . Ajmal | Mr . H . A | Nr . M . A . Majehd | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1972Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0186,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Study On Ordinary Alum Precipitated And Special Alum Precipitated H.S Vaccine By Dense
by Sajjad Hussain | Dr. Ata-ur-rehman rizvi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0351,T] (1).
4.
Factors Affecting Haemagglutination Activity Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Monem Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mian Mubasher Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: While standardizing various components of haemagglutination (HA) test optimum results were obtained using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a diluent, 0.5 per cent red blood cells suspended in PBS as indicator, and by incubating the microtitration plates at 4C. While best Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) titers were obtained by using 4 HA Units of antigen and 60 minutes incubation period (time given for antigen-serum reaction). The HI test did not detect maternal antibodies in the serum of birds after 4 week of age. Initial vaccination of chicks at 7 days of age followed by a booster dose at 21 days of age, elicited a good immune response and protected the broilers against virulent NDV challenge at 49 days of age. Administration of a single dose of NDV vaccine at 7 day of age or three NDV vaccine doses, one for priming at 7 days of age, second for first boosting at 21 days of age and third as a second booster dose at 35 days of age were not recommended, as in first case the immunity was short lived and in second case birds were exposed to unnecessary stress.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0353,T] (1).
5.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Arshad, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Serum samples were coil collected from 400 buffaloes & 400 cattle maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurr.aqar Okara The serum samples were subjected to serological test to detect the presence of antibodies against brucellae and leptospirae..
An over all 7.75 percent animals were found to harbour the antibrucella antibodies. The incidence by R8PT was 5.75 percent & 6,5 percent in cattle and buffaloes respectively whereas 7.0 percent and 8.5 percent samples were found positive to brucellae in cattle and buffaloes respectively by SAT.
The incidence of leptospirosis in cattle and buffaloes was recorded to he 9.75 percent and 10.0 percent respectively with an over all incidence of 9.38 percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0354,T] (1).
6.
Comparative Efficacy Of Single And Booster Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccination In Buffaloes
by Amir, M | Dr. Atta-ur-Rehman Rizvi Chairman | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh Nember | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the duration of immunity conferred in buffalo-calves by locally prepared cell culture (BHK-21 cell line) FMD vaccine both in response to single dose vaccination as well as to booster dose vaccination. The cell culture bivalent FMD vaccine, having 0 and Asia-I serotypes, was prepared on BHK-21 cell line and inactivated with forma-line. The virus was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel. The virus culture having the titre not less than io6 TCID50 per ml was used for preparing the vaccine. Safety, sterility and potency of the vaccine was thoroughly checked before its use in the trial.
Eighteen buffalo-calves, aged 1-2 years, were used in the experiment. Their freeness from FMD and susceptibility were tested by performing the serum neutralization test in cell culture, which indicated the absence of neutralizing antibodies in their sera against the vaccine virus types. Their faecal examination was negative for any internal parasite after deworming twice. Twelve buffalo-calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the field dose i.e. 5 ml and 6 animals were re-vaccinated on 28th day of primary vaccination while other 6 buffalo-calves were left as unvaccinated control. The vaccinated animals showed slightly rise in temperature 'and developed a walnut size swellings at the sites of injection otherwise they looked to be healthy.
Serum samples were collected at 0 day to 26th week from once vaccinated animals and upto 36th week from the booster vaccinated and control animals. Almost all the vaccinated animals developed antibodies against FMD on 1st week, but all the vaccinated animals developed protective levels of neutralizing antibodies against FMD on 2nd week of primary vaccination. The single dose vaccinated buffalo-calves maintained the protective level of antibodies upto 16 weeks while booster vaccinated animals remained protective for 24 weeks against both the vaccine virus types (0 and Asia-I), to which booster vaccination was done on 28th day of primary vaccination.
It was concluded from this study that the buffalo-calves of this age group should be re-vaccinated after 18 weeks of primary vaccination to protect them for further 24 weeks against F'MD i.e. booster vaccination is must for scheduling at least the biannual vaccination. Subsequent re-vaccination will increase the time span for repeating the vaccination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0355,T] (1).
7.
Inter-Relationship Of Haemagglutination Inhibition (Hi) Titres Against Newcastle Disease Vaccine (Mukteswar Straom) Of Dam's Serum, Egg Yolk And Serum Of The Chick
by Masood ul Hasan Javed | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Sheikh Mohammad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The studies were conducted to determine the inter-relationship of HI titres against Mukteswar strain of NDV in the serum of dam, egg yolk and serum of day-old chick. These studies, helped not only to find out an agreement between the results of HI test of dam, egg yolk and day-old chick, but also for the suitability of the egg yolk for monitoring the immune stauts of laying flock.
Four spaced injections of NDV vaccine were given to the experimental birds. The birds which did not receive 4th vaccination were referred as un-vaccinated control.
At 21st day post-vaccination1 the antibody titre in yolk was lower than serum but from third week onward, comparable results were obtained with both the samples. Haemagglutination inhibition titre of dam's serum was comparatively stable throughout the experiment where as HI titre of egg yolk slightly fluctuated. Yolk, pepared by chloroform extraction and low-speed centrifugation, performed well in HI test for NOV.
Maternal antibody level in day-old chick was related to the titre in dam and egg yolk. The GMT-HI titre of day-old chick fluctuated nearly in the same pattern as GMT-HI titre of egg yolk.
Overall it was observed that both egg yolk and day-old chick serum HI antibody titres were slightly lower or equal to dam's serum HI antibody titre and a definite inter- relationship is present among HI titres of dam's serum, egg yolk and day-old chick. The results of this study also proved the suitabilty of egg yolk for HI antibody determination to NOV.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0363,T] (1).
8.
Studies On Contribution Of Sheep & Goats In The Epidemiology Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
by Masood Anjum | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 500 animals (sheep 250, goat 250), of both sexes and different age groups were examined for harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples from live animals were collected by sterile cotton swabs, gently passed in their nasal cavity. The slaughtered animal's laryngotracheal region were directly approached for collection of samples. Lungs showing pathological lesions were collected from fifty animals each of both species. Tryptic soya broth was used for primary isolation of organism.
Only one goat yielded Pasteurella multocida which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. The isolate fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and saccharose producing acid only. A negative reaction was observed for arabinose, dulcitol, maltose, lactose, raffinose and salacin. The organism was positive for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and hydrogen sulphide production tests. It gave a negative reaction for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. The organism was found non-motile in hanging drop preparation.
The organism was highly sensitive to ampiclox, cefazolin and velosef, moderately sensitive to cephalexin, slightly sensitive to tobramycin, cloxacillin and resistant to lincocin, erythrocin, amoxydillin, doxycillin and sulpha-methaxazol trimethoprim.
Amongst the various disinfectants tested, the organism showed maximum susceptibility to sanitizer and poulphene, moderate sensitivity to saniguard and sanitec and resistance to phenyl, sanitol and phenol.
The organism in infected faecal matter maintained its viability for 9 days in shady place, sunlight and at room temperature. At a controlled temperature of 32°C. with 75-80% humidity, the organism remained alive for 10 days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0373,T] (1).
9.
Studies On Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Cattle With Particular Reference To Characterization Of Isolates From Clinically Normal & Infected Animals
by Uzma Majeed | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Mohammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present project was planned to characterize Pasteurella multocida isolates from apparently healthy carrier and infected cattle. A total of 500 animals (live 250 and slaughtered 250) of different age groups and both sexes were examined for the evidence of harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples were collected from the live animals through a sterilized cotton swab passed in their nasal cavity. In slaughtered animals the cotton swabs were smeared directly to laryngeo-tracheal region approached from the cut part of the trachea. In infected animals citerated blood of live animals was processed for isolation of the organisms; whereas a long-bone was collected and processed for bacteriological examination in slaughtered/dead animals. The primary isolation of the organism was attempted in tryptic soya broth/tryptic soya agar: The identification of the isolated strains was carried out on the basis of their cultural characteristics on arious media, morphology and staining reaction, sugar fermentation and other biochemical tests.
Of the 500 healthy animals examined for their carrier status, none proved positive for the Pasteurella multocida organism in their respiratory tracts. Of the 10 outbreaks investigated, only 6 cases yielded Pasteurella multocida strains which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. All the six strains were quite uniform in their various characteristics. All fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and sacharose, producing acid only and n gas. None of them fermented arabinose dulcitol maltose, lactose, raffinose and salicin.
All the six strains gave a positive reaction for catalase, oxidase indole production, nitrate reduction and H2S production tests, and negative reaction for methyle red, voges prausker, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. None of the strains exhibited motility examined through hanging drop technique.
All the 10 outbreaks occurred during the rainy months of August and November. All the infected animals were in the age group of 1 to ½ years. The course of the disease was 1-2 days. The clinical signs observed included dullness, depression, inappetance, tympany and a high rise of temperature upto 106°F. The swelling of the throat, which of course developed at an advanced stage of the disease was also observed. In this study conducted on limited number of animals the role of carriers in epidemiology of haemorrhagic septicaemia was observed to be quite insignificant. The outbreaks of the disease occurred during summer/winter rainy seasons necessitating the prophylactic vaccination of our cattle and buffaloes before these period of the year
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0375,T] (1).
10.
Serosurveilance Of A Disease Complex In Commercial Broilers
by Hassan Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sheikh Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In this study 400 samples of blood obtained from different farms situated around Jaranwala, an important broiler raising area of Punjab, were examined serologically. The Newcastle disease virus titer in most cases were low and non protective against exposure to field strain. The birds had antibodies against pathogens such as Infectious bronchitis virus and Infectious bursal disease virus to which they had not received vaccine indicating the presence of field strain of these viruses in the area. Some of the birds at these farms had antibodies against Hycoplasma galliseplicum, Mycoplasnia svnoviae and Salmonella gallinarum. Poor hygienic conditions coupled with poor ventilation may lead to the rapid dissemination of these pathogens within a community of birds and cause severe economic problems.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0382,T] (1).
11.
A Comparative Study On The Immunogenicity Of Sonicated Pasteurella Multocida And Formalized Broth Culture (Bacterin) Of Organism In Buffalo Calves
by Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0391,T] (1).
12.
Comparative Seroprevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Local And Exotic Cattle Breeds At Different Government
by Liaqat Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea BVD virus antibodies in the sera of local and exotic cattle breeds, randomly selected from four different sources. For this purpose one thousand serum samples were collected and agar gel diffusion technique was used for the detection of antibodies against BVD.
The results of the study revealed that an overall 11.4% cattle population was having antibodies against BVD virus. The prevalence of the BVD in local breed was 14.4% while that of exotic breed was 8.4%. The prevalence rate of antibodies against BVDV was found higher in local cattle breeds as compared to exotic breeds. Various epidemiological factors were considered. Age of the animal was an important factor influencing the prevalence of disease. So regarding the age of the animal high prevalence rates were found in adult as compared to young animals. Maximum number of reactors were found in the adult age group.
The finding of the survey revealed a moderate exposure in cattle population. The occurrence of antibodies against BVD virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals was indicative for prevalence of the disease in the country. Therefore it is suggested that a complete survey should be carried out for this problem throughout the country and appropriate control measures for the disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0392,T] (1).
13.
Studies On The Bactgerial Causes Of Uterine Infection In Buffaloes And Cows With Special Refernce To Corynebacterium
by Asif Suleman Sahi | Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Dr. M. Amin Sh | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A total of 200 samples of uterine discharge comprising 171 buffaloes and 29 cows showing signs of endometritis were included in this study. The material was subjected to bacteriological examination.
Monoinfection was seen in case of 164 animals (141 buffaloes and 23 cows) while in case of 17 animals, mixed infection was revealed.
The relative incidence of different organisms in cows and buffaloes was calculated. Of 29 cows suffering from endometritis, 25 proved to be bacteriologically positive while of 171 samples from buffaloes suffering from endometritis 141 cases were positive due to specific organisms.
The incidence of different species of bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus 19.48 percent, Streptococcus pyogenes 7.79 percent, Streptocoçç bovis 4.32 percent, Corynebacteri urn pyogenes 23.33 percent, Corynebacterium bovis 5.19 percent, Escherichia cc ll 12.98 percent, Proteus vulgaris 9.52 percent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4.32 percent, Bacillus cereus 7.79 percent and Bacillus megaterium 5.19 percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0393,T] (1).
14.
A Study On The Effect Of Organo Phosphate Insecticide (Neguvon) On Immune Response In Broiler Chickens
by Shoaib Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Neguvon, an Organophosphate insecticide at a dose of 50mg or 100mg per kg of feed for varrying period of time administered to the birds, interfered with the development of serum antibodies in vaccinated and challenged birds. Neguvon had adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus. It decreased the live body weights gain and dressed eviserated weights of birds. Neguvon had not beneficial effects on serum antibodies development. It resulted in higher postchallenged mortality of medicated vaccinated birds as compared to vaccinated control birds. So Neguvon is immunosuppressive insecticide when fed at subtoxic dosage levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0400,T] (1).
15.
Comparative Efficacy Of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines In Broiler Chickens
by Tahir Waheed Khan | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to know the comparative efficacy of different IBD vaccines including Rhone Merleux, Solvay, TAD and CVS in broiler chickens. The evaluation was based on the immune response developed against the vaccine concerned and its assessment through agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test.
All the birds prior to their vaccination were examined for the presence of passive immunity, both through AGPT and IHA. AGPT could only detect 60-80% birds for maternal immunity, whereas IHA showed the presence of this immunity in all the experimental birds.
All the vaccinated groups were examined for their immune response on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-vaccination. Both AGPT and H-IA showed the decline in immunity on 7th day post-vaccination and then a gradual increase in titres occurred at 14th day of vaccination. The titres attained their peak on 21st day post-vaccination.
With AGPT on 21st day post-vaccination the birds for various vaccines gave precipitin lines respectively as 76, 89, 93 and 100 per cent, for Rhone Merieux, Solvay,TAD and CVS vaccines.
With IHA the highest titres obtained on 21st day post- vaccination was 1:128 for each vaccine, however, the number of birds giving this titre varied being only one bird for Rhone Merleux, Solvay , TAD and 3 birds from CVS. Nevertheless, the next best titre obtained was 1:64 and the number of birds giving this titre was 2, Nil, 2 and 8 birds from Rhone Merieux, Solvay, TAD and CVS. The predominant number of birds, vaccinated against each vaccine developed a titre of 1:16 observed at 14th day and 21st day post- vaccination.
The challenge infection results showed that birds with lilA titres of upto 1:4 developed severe lesions on their bursae, and other parts of the body, alongwith giving less BBR values. In this way the better IHA titre gave protection to the birds against a challenge infection.
All the four vaccines gave identical results for their efficacy against the IBDV infection, however, CVS vaccinated birds developed highest titres in greater number.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0419,T] (1).
16.
Phagocytic Potential Of Chicken Peritoneal Macrophages To Pasteurella Multocida
by Saima Dil | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: In this study phagocytic potential/activity of chicken peritoneal macrophages to P. multocida was determined. Macrophages were collected by injecting Sephadex G 75 Sintraperitoneally. Peritoneal exudate cells were collected on 24, 48 and 72 hours post Sephadex G-75 injection. By differential counting macrophages were found to be 70- 80% while the remaining 20-30% cells comprised lymphocytes and heterophils. There was no difference in percentage of macrophages on 24 hours, by single and double dose of Sephadex G-75 but on 72 hours post Sephadexc G-75 injection, percentage of macrophages was a little high by double dose.
Both capsulated and non-capsulated forms of P. multocida were chosen for examining phagocytic activity of the chicken peritoneal macrophages and the opsonizing role of the inactivated, normal and hyper immune sera. The capsulated P. multocida was phagocytosed less efficiently in the presence of hyperimmune and : normal sera then the non capsulated organisms. However, as against the latter, the former did not at all respond to the phagocytosing attempts of the macrophages, in the presence of the inactivated serum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0449,T] (1).
17.
Titration Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus In Different Organs Of Gumboro Infected Birds And Embryonated Hen
by Saeed Anwar, M | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was quantitated in different organs of the infected birds and in different parts of the experimentally inoculated embryonated hen eggs through agar gel precipitation technique (AGPT). The AGPT was standardized in the laboratory using known hyperimmune sera against IBDV antigen. The concentration of the agar, antibody and antigen are important factors for the development of precipitation line. Moreover, only gel containing noble agar in distilled water is important for diffusion of the antigen/antibody, while either of the other reagents such as sodium chloride, phenol crystal and sodium azide are presumably added to inhibit the microbial growth.
The serum from birds on 14 days post first bost showed 294.1 ACPT titers, while egg yolk from these bird on 30-45 days post first boost were having 68.6 AGPT titers. Postmortem examination showed the lesions
In liver,Kidney, spleen, intestine and bursa fabricius. It was observed that only bursa of fabricius showed detectable level (1:4 to 1:16) of IBD virus titers. Similarly, chorioaflantoic membrane of the inoculated egg showed 1:4 AGPT titers. From this study it was concluded that AGPT is a crude but highly reliable test for qualitative and quantitative study of IBDV antigen or antibodies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0458,T] (1).
18.
Effects Of Clopidol And Lasalocid (Avatec) (Coccidiostats) On The Immunity Of Broiler Chicks Vaccinated
by Umer Farooq, M | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received Avatec at recommended dosage levels had higher body weight than the Clopidol medicated, Cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Both Avatec and Clopidol treatments did not adversely affect the weights of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in.bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight gain.
Avatec and Clopidol were immuno-stimulants and birds eating medicated rations had higher antibody titres as compared to control birds. The NDV vaccinated birds on Avatec and Clopidol medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations resisted challenge with a virulent ND virus, while the non-vaccinated birds of any treatment group and vaccine free control could not withstand this challenge.
Conclusions
This study indicated that Clopidol and Avatec, when used at recommended dosage levels (25 gm of Premix/50 kg of feed and 6.25 gm of pure drugl5O kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the development of birds; did not have any adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of humoral immunity in vaccinated birds. Their medication in feed rather produced beneficial effects on serum, weight gain and antibody production. The injection of Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated birds on Clopidol and Avatec medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights that those on non-medicated ration at 56 days of age. Avatec at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Clopidol. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Avatec medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 56 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds.
From the results of this study it is concluded that Avatec and Clopidol are not immuno-suppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0459,T] (1).
19.
Immune Response Of Broilers Treated With Amprolium And Chloramphenicol
by Rakhshanda Perveen Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received arnprolium at recommended dosage levels had higher mean body weight than the chioramphenicol medicated, cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Arnprolium treatment did not adversely affect the weight of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Chioramphenicol treatment slightly depressed the weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to Cyclophosphamide treated and non-rnedicated control birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium had higher antibody titres on day 42. The sera of chioramphenicol treated NDV vaccinated birds had lower antibody titres as compared to non-medicated control birds on day 42. The post-challenge sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium also had higher antibody titre as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide and chioramphenicol treated birds. The NDV vaccinated chioramphenicol treated and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated had high post NDV challenge mortality and the NDV vaccinated birds on amproliurn medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations did not have any significant post NDV challenge mortality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0460,T] (1).
20.
Effects Of Live Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Vaccine On Broiler Chicks
by Mumtaz Baig, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This study indicated that live Mycoplasma gallisepticurn vaccine when administered to the chickens vaccinated with Newcastle vaccination had immunosuppressive effects.
Live Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine partially interfered with the development of serum antibodies against NDV in vaccinated chickens. However, when live MG vaccine is done alone in the chickens it gives good serum antibody titres. rube injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post hatching days with cyclophosphaniide resulted in lower body weights, poor FCR, destruction of the bursa of fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccinations against MG and ND.
The weight gain and FCR studies. indicated that the birds which were vaccinated either against live MG or NDV had significantly higher body weights and FCR values than those vaccinated both against MG and NDV.
These studies further indicate that the birds vaccinated against live MG and ND had significantly lower serum antibody titres on day 48 than the birds which were vaccinated against either live MG or NDV.
From the results of this study it was concluded that F-strain MG vaccination effective the growth performance and feed conversion efficacy of broiler chicks. The live MG vaccination also interfered in the development of immune response (antibody titers) against Newcastle disease virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0464,T] (1).
21.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Amprolium 20% And Sulphaquinoxaline In Broilers Chickens
by Nighat Yasmeen | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Mohammad | Sh. Muhammad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study indicated that Amprolium 20% (Amidiostat) when used at recommended dosage levels (0.5 Kg/ton of feed did not interfere with the body weight gains of birds; did not have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or non-vaccinated and challenged birds; Amprolium 20% medication in feed had beneficial effects on serum antibody development; did not result in higher post-challenge mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the non-medicated vaccinated control birds. however Sulphaquinoxaline when used at recommended dosage level (125 gm/ton of feed) did partially interfere with the weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver and also interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or non vaccinated and challenged birds. The injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post- hatching days with cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against ND, and very high post-challenge mortality, UOfl challenge with virulent NDV.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds on Amprolium 20% and suiphaquinoxaline medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights than those on non-medicated ration at 42 days of age. Amproliurn 20%, at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the suiphaquinoxaline. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Amprolium 20% medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on (lay 42 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds. The serum antibody titres of vaccinated birds on Amprolium 20% medicated feed were significantly higher thai-i those fed sulphaquinoxaline at recommended dosage levels. From the results of this study it is concluded that long term use of Suiphaquinoxaline at recommended dosage levels moderately suppress the immune system of the birds. It is also observed that Amprolium 20% (Amidiostat) is not immunosuppressive drug when used at recommended dosage levels. It has rather beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0466,T] (1).
22.
Epidemiological Studies N Mastitis In Buffaloes & Cattle In And Around Lahore
by Khurram Nawaz Qazi | Dr. Syed A.R. Rizvi | Dr. M. Amin Sheikh | Dr. Shakeel A | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Research studies were conducted to investigate some epidemiological aspects of bovine mastitis in and around Lahore.
A total of 45 small livestock units/herds were surveyed and epidemiological data was collected from 4000 bovine population on prescribed proforina. Bacteriological examination was aiso performed on 1000 milk samples after presumptive screening with modified california mastitis test (C.M.T.).
Analysis of the data showed, the herd incidence rate of 88.88 per cent and the disease incidence rate of 8.33 per cent (lactating animals) during this project. CMT on 1000 quarter milk samples showed 14.3% incidence of subclinical mastitis and 10.6% animals were positive bacteriologically. Relative incidence of acute, subacute and chronic forms of disease was 38.33, 43.90 and 13.37 per cent, respectively. Quarter infection rate was 33.40 per cent in affected buffaloes and 10.36 per cent in infected cattle. It was significantly higher in hind than in fore quarters in buffaloes.
All the breeds of buffaloes and cattle maintained in the area were reported to be affected occasionally during the lactation. Age and lactation wise distribution of rnastitis cases varied in different age and lactation groups; being highest in 6-8 years of age group 42.93% and 4-6 lactation (39.45%). Number of cases were higher (53.63%) during early stage of lactation than in middle (21.97%) and (24.4%) late stages. High milk yielding group 12-14 litres daily was more prone to the disease. Disease was reported to cause 30.26 per cent decrease in milk production of affected animals. Udders/teats of 4.0 per cent animals had history of surgical manipulation. Housing on pakka floor (48.9%) incidence was observed to have some association with the disease.
Of the 1000 milk samples 143 were found positive by C.M.T.and 106 samples yielded 171 isolates of different species; 86 Staphylococcus aureus, 9 Staphylococcus epiderinides, 30 Streptococcus agalactiae, 17 Streptococcus dysagalactiae, 11 Bacillus cereus, 10 Escherichia co/i, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antobiotic sensitivity of the isolates showed that they were sensitive in descending order to Gentamycin, Chlortetracyline, Sul;fonamide (Tribrissin), Chloramphanicol, Ampicilline, Tylosine. Penicilline & Tetracycline.
Out of 86 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 60 were penicillin resistant of which 23 produced penicillinase. In order to reduce the huge economic losses in terms of milk reduction (30.26% ), the findings of this project are hoped to guide for the control of disease at subclinical stage on a large scale. However, additional studies are suggested for the epidemiology of this disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0467,T] (1).
23.
Yolk And Serum: Detection Of Antibodies To Various Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Of Chickens
by Nadeem Ibrahim, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 1318 blood samples and 290 egg samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to various strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV). For this purpose broiler breeder, commercial layer, and layer breeder farms located in various geographical regions of the provinces of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province (NWFP) were visited, and flock histories in terms of production performances, growth patterns arid IB disease prevalence, were recorded) Attempts were made to sample only those farms which had experienced high morbidity, low production and mortality in the past growing or laying flocks housed at such farms. Samples from acute phase of illness and convalescent period were collected where ever possible. It was observed that there was a general trend to house and rear multiple age groups at the same time, the poultry farms were located at a very close distances from each other and were either not following any proper vaccination programmes or were not using any IBV vaccines. The seroprevalence of 1BV antibodies in unvaccinated flocks was more in areas where poultry farms were located in clusters or had developed into poultry estates In case of commercial layers, layer breeder and broiler breeder birds their misshapen and normal eggs were also collected for detection of antibodies to various strains/types of IBV. The serum and egg-yolk samples were analyzed using haernagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition tests.This study indicated the presence of antibodies to various AIBV types such as Massachusettes-41 (M41), D-274 and D-1466. It was further observed that the breeder and commercial flocks which did not receive any killed or live IBV vaccination had significant levels of humoral and yolk antibodies indicating that various types of IBV were circulating in the poultry flocks in various areas of the Punjab and NWFP. The flocks indicating low egg production and quality; respiratory distress, and poor feed conversion ratios did suffer from the attack of some IBV strain(s) as they also had quite significant levels of humoral/yolk IBV antibodies)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0477,T] (1).
24.
Role Of Maternally Derived Antibodies In Protection Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus.
by Sameera Akhtar | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the role of maternally derived antibody in protection against IBD and efficacy of immunization with live and killed IBDV vaccines. A total of 250 day old chicks were divided into five groups i.e. groups A, B, C, D and E, each group having equal number of chicks. Group A was non-treated control for the study of the decay rate of maternal antibodies. The chickens of groups, B, C and D were vaccinated with live, killed and combination of live and killed IBDV vaccines. All the chicks were vaccinated with NDV vaccines except group E which was kept as negative control. There was no interference in the IBDV and NDV in the development of immunity.
The birds showed the presence of passive immunity, both through AGPT and IHA tests. Maternal antibody was detectable only through AGPT. The IHA indicated the presence of immunity in all the birds upto day 14th.
It was further observed that the birds having maternal Ab titres against IBDV (upto a titre of 5.27) also resisted the experimental challenged with the CVS-6).
All the vaccinated groups indicated the immune responses post vaccination. Both the AGP and IHA tests detected decline in immunity on 7th day post-vaccination and then a gradual increase in titres at 14th day. The titres were at the peak after day 28 post booster vaccination.
The results of challenge indicated that the birds having antibody titre (GMT=68.39) against IBDV resisted the IBDV challenge. Typical clinical signs of IBD were noted. The bursa was odematous and double in size. The spleen and thymus were slightly enlarged. Statistical analysis of lymphoid organ body weight ratio's of spleen, bursa and thymus indicated a significant differences in the vaccinated and control chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0480,T] (1).
25.
Characterization And Antibiotic Sensitivity Of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates From The Field Cases Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Buffloes Of Punjab
by Puran Das | Dr. Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Dr. Syed Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The research project accomplished was primarily concerned with the isolation and characterization of P. multocida strains involved in field outbreaks of HS in buffaloes of Punjab Province of Pakistan. In addition, isolates were also examined for their sensitivity to various antibiotics and suipha drugs. Isolation attempts, made both on blood samples of live diseased animals and long bones of the dead/slaughtered animals, yielded 10 strains of the organism, solely from the long bones.
All the strains of P. inultocida isolated were uniform in their sugar fermentation and other biochemical reactions, giving a positive reaction for glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol and xylose, producing acid only and no gas. Like wise a positive reaction was also recorded for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and H2S production tests. All the strains were however, unable to ferment arabinose, inositol, lactose, maltose, salicin, dulcitol and raffinose sugars and were negative for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests.
All the isolates of P. multocida were serologically identified as Roberts type I. All the isolates proved highly pathogenic both to rabbits and mice alike.
The antibiotic sensitivity results against 10 field strains and one reference strain of P. inultocida showed amoxicillin to be the most effective antibiotic. The rest of the antibiotics, placed in accordance with their effectivity, in descending order are ampicillin, chloramphenicol, norfloxicin, kanamycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline and sulphamethaxazole + trimethoprim.
None of the antibiotics except amoxicillin, was able to display equal effectivity against all the 11 strains of P. multocida examined.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0486,T] (1).
26.
Studies On Efficacy Of Alum Precipitated Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine (Bacterin)
by Saeed ul Hassan Khan | Dr. muhammed Amin Sheikh | Dr. Muhammed Khushi Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The research project undertaken concerned efficacy of alum precipitated HS vaccine (bacterin). conducted on buffaloes maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRJ) Bahadurnagar, Okara. Primarily the study was aimed at examining the efficacy of three different dosage levels of the vaccine comprising 1 mg, 1.5 mg and 2mg dry weights of the bacteria, tried on animals of different body weights. In addition, the immunopotentiating effects of levamisole, on HS vaccine, were also studied on one of the groups of experimental animals. The best results were those given by 2mg dry weight of the organism, observed in animals weighing 600 kg or above, with a GMT value of 48.5 observed on day 42nd post-vaccination. The second best result was of the dose carrying 1.5 mg dry weight of the organism. Unfortunately the young animals having a body weight of 60-80kg did not give a response worthy of some concrete conclusion against all three aforesaid doses of the vaccine which was thought to be due to some sort of ill effects of their substandard health status on the immune response.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0487,T] (1).
27.
Physicochemical Factors Effecting The Survival Of Egg Drop Syndrome Virus
by Akif Masood | Atta-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Muhammed Shakeel akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: About 417 duck eggs were collected from a duck farm. These eggs were incubated at 37oC in automatic incubator for 10 days. At the 11th day the eggs were candled to confirm the fertility of eggs, either they are embryonated or not. Fertile eggs were then be inoculated with the physically and chemically treated EDS-76 virus which have already been treated and stored in plastic vials at -20oC. About 0.1 ml of the sample was inoculated per egg. Four eggs were set for each of the factor i.e physical and chemical.
The physical factors were temperature, pH and U.V light. The current project was conducted to study the survival of EDS virus when it was subject to various physical and chemical factor. As far as the physical factors were concerned it was observed that at different temperatures i,e -2oC, +4C°, 331::0 and 37C°. The virus survived at each temperature far 35 days and the same virus survived at 56C° for 90 minutes. AS far as the pH was concerned it was examined that EDS virus remained viable at pH 1,47,10,13 for 24 hours. Following exposure of virus to WY light it was observed that EDS virus servived for 45 minutes.
Similairly, the results of chemical factors showed that formalin of 0.067. could not inactivate the virus but 0.12% and o.24x formalin solution killed the virus in time from 6 to 24 hours.
Losan with 0.5%., 1.0%. and 1.5%. killed the EDS virus in 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively.
The results of this endeavor show that the formalin and Losan in other words chemical like these should be one of the options for farmers to disinfect their sheds to prevent the occurrence of infection from EDS virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0500,T] (1).
28.
Effect Of Maternal Antibodies On Antigenic Response Of Broiler Birds To Infectious Bursal Disease (228-E strain) Virus Vaccine
by Sajid Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Atta-ur Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of maternal antibodies on the antigenic response of birds to infectious bursal disease virus (288-E strain) vaccine and to study the duration of maternal antibody against IBDV in broiler. A total of one hundred forty chicks were randomly divided into eight groups i.e. A, B, C, 1), E, F, G and H. All the birds in groups A, B, C, U, E and F were vaccinated against IBDV. The birds in groups 0 and H were unvaccinated controls. However, the groups were IBDV vaccinated according to different schedules.
The presence of IBDV maternal antibodies was tested through agar gel precipitation test, and the maternal antibodies to IBDV were observable upto day 14 of the life of chicks.
All the IBDV vaccinated birds exhibited immune response to the vaccine and their response was detectable through AGPT. Antibodies were detectable on 7th day post vaccination and the responses increased upto 14th day post vaccination. The antibody titres were at peak in all the groups between 28th to 35th day of age.
These findings indicate that maternal antibody waned away between second and third week of life. The mean±standard error values of groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H on day 35, were 28.33±8.56, 41.66±12.99, 43.33±11.70, 31.66±13.21, 41.66±12.56, 45.0±14.29, 26.66±11.94 and 26.66±11.94, respectively. The serologic and challenge infection study indicates that the vaccinated birds were immune against IBDV.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0515,T] (1).
29.
Physicochemical Factors Effecting The Survival Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Rizwan Qayyum | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. asif Rabbani | Prof. Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: For this research project, about 305 fresh fertile hen eggs were obtained from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore. These eggs after cleaning were incubated at 37°C in automatic incubator for 11 days. At the 11th day, candling was done to confirm the fertility of eggs, either they are embryonated or not,. Eggs found dead at the time of candling were discarded. Fertile eggs 305 in number were inoculated with physically and chemically treated mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus which had already been treated and stored in plastic vials at -20°C. Each egg was inoculated with about 0.lnil of the treated viral sample. Four eggs were set for each of the factor for each time period. Four eggs were kept control in each factor in which viral suspension without physical or chemical treatment was inoculated.
The project was designed to study the effect of physical and chemical factors on the survival of Newcastle disease virus. The physical factors were temperature, p11 and UV light and chemical factors included five disinfectants like Formaline, Iosan, Phenol Aldekol and Bromosept (QAC). It was noted that at 56°C temperature virus lost its haemagglutinating activity after 45 minutes, but survived this temperature at 15 and 30 minutes exposure. It was observed that virus survived at pH 4 and 9 for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hrs but was killed at pH 1 and 13 for all the said time periods. After exposing virus to UV light, it was examined that Newcastle disease virus survived at UV light exposure for 45 minutes.
As far as the chemical factors were concerned, the results showed that 0.48% concentration of formalin inactivated virus in 30 minutes but not in 15 minutes. Other two concentrations i.e. 0.12% and 0.24% could not inactivate the virus. Phenol and Bromosept showed good antiviral activity against ND virus. 0.4% and 0.6% concentrations of Phenol inactivated the virus within 15 minutes but virus retained its HA activity at 0.2% phenol concentrations for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The virus survived at 0.1% Bromosept concentration for 45 minutes and at 0.5% concentration for 15 minutes time but its haemagglutinating property was lost at 0.5% concentration in 30 minutes and at 1% concentration, the virus was killed within 15 minutes time. 0.1% concentration of Aldekol could not inactivate the virus in 15, 30 or 45 minutes. At its 0.5% concentration virus was inactivated after 45 minutes exposure but not at 15 and 30 minutes. However 1% Aldekol inactivated virus after 30 minutes but not within 15 minutes time. losan with 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations killed the mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus in 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. So the results of this study show that losan shows excellent antiviral activity against ND virus and is the best for disinfection of this virus at the farm. Bromosept (QAC) and Phenol should be the other two options for farmers to disinfect their sheds and hatcheries to minimize the chances of infection from Newcastle disease virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0519,T] (1).
30.
A Study On The Effect Of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Talstar (Bifenthrim) On Immune Response In Broiler Chicken
by Fida Hussain | Prof. Dr. A.R. Rizvi | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Prof. Dr. Rashid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0520,T] (1).
31.
Standardisation Of Indirect Haemagglutination Test For Monitoring Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
by Sajid Mahmood | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Hajid | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was standardized and evaluated to moniter antibodies against infectious bursal disease (IBD). It was observed that oil based vaccine prepared from bursae of fäbricius of infected birds, induced a high level of antibody which were detected by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT). It was recorded Chat tannic acid, glutaraldehyde and chromium chloride had 0.0000781, 0.003906 and 0.0001562 per cent subagglutinating dilutions in normal saline solution (pH 7.2) respectively while 0.000001220, 0.0156 and 0.0025 subagglutinating dilution of the coupling agents were found in phasphate buffered saline (pH 7.2), respectively.
Indirect. haemagglutination test is sensitive and specific serological technique to study infectious bursal disease. However, antigen dilution to sensitize erythrocytes, source of erythrocytes, chemical nature of diluent, interaction temperature and time, nature and concentration of coupling agent coated erythrocytes and antiserum against IBD, had influenced the sensitivity of IHA test.
Ten percent antigen for sensitizing sheep erythrocytes, incubation temperature of 37°C for 10 minutes for antigen, tannic acid (0.005%) and erythroéyte interaction, freshly prepared sensitized erythrocytes and normal saline solution (pH 7.2) as diluent were found suitable for detecting maximum titre of anti-IBD antibodies through the IHA. Moreover it was observed that the standardized IHA proportionally showed reduction in the titre on dilution of serum. The antibody titre in the IHA was the well having serum dilution, showing resistance to bleed (flow) on tilting the plate for 5 seconds. The final results of antibody titre were achieved within 120 minutes post processing of the samples.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0529,T] (1).
32.
In Vitro Studies On The Effects Of Physico Chemical Factors On The Survival Of Mycoplasma Capri
by Abid Akbar, M | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The physical factors under study were pH and temperature. It was observed that at p11 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5, although the growth of the organism took placed but the growth was best achieved at pH 6.5 with 30% absorbance measured by turbidometery. As far as the temperature is concerned, growth at different temperatures i.e. at room temperature (30°C), at incubator temperature (37°C), at refrigerator temperature (4°C) with respect to various sources of serum i.e. horse, cattle, buffalo, sheep and allontoic fluid, were tested and it was observed that at room temperature the growth was best in media containing buffalo serum 25% absorbance, respectively. At incubator temperature the growth of ycoplasnja pj was good enough with media containing cattle, buffalo and sheep serum, giving 25%, 32% and 33%, absorbance respectively and even at refrigerator temperatvye the growth of the said organism was available with media containing cattle serum, buffalo serum, sheep serum and allontoic fluid, giving 9%, 12%, 11.5% and 9% absorbance respectively.
The results of chemical factors showed that the survival and growth of Mycoplasma capri was best attained at these serum sources i.e. horse, cattle and buffalo giving 28%, 26% and 29.5% absorbance, respectively. The effect of different concentrtions of horse serum i.e. 5%, 15% and 20% on ithe growth of the organism depicted that 15% concentration level is good for its growth and survival, giving 31.5% absorbance. Various disinfectants i.e. Formaline, Phenol, Beloran-500 (Ciba), Detol (Reckitt & Colman) were tested for disinfection against the said organism revealed that 1% solution of Formaline, 1% solution of Phenol, 0.5% solution of Beloran-500 and 4% solution of Detol effectively killed the bacteria.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0531,T] (1).
33.
Preparation And Evalution Of Oil Based Egg Drop Syndrome Virus Vaccine
by Ghulam Nabi | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munieer | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The egg drop syndrome virus (Pak-CVS-EDSV: collected from Mirobiology Setion, CVS, Lahore) was culturally characterised by inoculating in embryonated duck eggs, and by haemagglutination (HA) potential of only avian RBC and virus neutralization test. The virus was found antigenically related with the imported vaccinal strain of EDS virus. The virus grew well in the embryonated duck eggs. The HA titer of Allanto-Amniotic fluid (AAF) was more than log 211, while its E1D50 was determined to be 10-10.37 per ml.
An oil-based EDSV vaccine was prepared by mixing one part of the AAF with 4 parts of the oil-base. The oil base contained 4% emulsifier (Span-80). The vaccine thus prepared from the local isolate was antigenically comparable with the imported vaccine. The cost of the vaccine production using local strain of the EDS virus was Rs.463/bottle (1000 doses) compared to Rs.1650/bottle of the imported vaccine. The price of the one ml diagnostic antigen was calculated at Rs.20/- compared to Rs.600 per one ml of imported antigen (Market price is Rs.2200/ml of the antigen).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0541,T] (1).
34.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Chloramphenicol In Broiler Chicks
by Zubair Ulass | Dr. M. Akram Munir | Dr. M. Naeem | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of chioramphenicol on the inimune response of broiler chickens. The immuno-modulatory effects of chioramphenicol in chicks was evaluated using the following parameters:
a) Morphometric effects of chioramphenicol on immune organs such as Li ursa of Fabricius, Tliymus and Spleen.
b) Effects of cliloramphenicol on the development of antibody titres against Newcastle virus vaccine.
c) Potential of chioramphenicol treated and NDV vaccinated birds to resist virulent NDV challenge.
d) Comparison of body weight gains of chioramphenicol a iid treated and untreated birds.
The untreated control birds had higher mean body weight than chioramphenicol and cyclophosphamide treated birds.
Chioramphenicol treatment adversely affect the weight of bursa of Fabricius , spleen and thymus of birds. The normal dose of chioramphenicol slightly depressed the weight of immune organ than double dosage of chioramphenicol. Cycloposphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight. The sera of untreated control vaccinated birds had higher antibody titres than chioramphenicol and cyclophospliatnide treated birds. The sera of chioramphenicol treated NDV vaccinated birds had lower antibdoy titres as compared to untreated control birds. The NDV vaccinated choramphenicol treated and NDV vaccinated cyelophosphamide treated birds had high post Nl)V challenge mortality than untreated control NDV vaccinated birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0556,T] (1).
35.
Observations On Causative Agent(S) Of Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara Disease) In Chickens
by Masood Rabbani | Dr. M. Akram Muneer | Dr. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) an avian adenovirus infection has been identified in poultry flocks all over Pakistan. This project was designed to study various aspects of HPS in terms of its aetiology (virus isolation, purification, and propagation in vitro), route of transmission, clinical picture, and pathology. In addition, identity of the contagium was confirmed through immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, biological titration, serotyping and molecular characterization. Attempts were also made to develop improved vaccines against the FIPS virus.
Investigation on purified HPS agent indicated that this isolate was a new avian adenovirus (AAV) pathotype belonging to serotype-4 of group-I. This isolate was named after Pakistan Agricultural Research Council-I as PARC-I isolates. The results of one-way virus neutralization test with reference AAV antisera (1-1 1) confirmed that the isolate designated as PARC-I isolate belonged to serotype-4. The AAV serotype-4 isolate has the potential to produce the immunoprecipitating and virus neutralizing antibodies.
It was observed that this isolate is capable of causing 1-IPS in broiler chicks. The lesions caused by this virus were identical to those of HPS observed under the field outbreaks. In embryonated chicken eggs, the isolate causes mortality, generalized mu scular congestion, hepatitis and stunted embryonic growth. This virus also causes typical cytopathic effects: rounding, moderate swelling and grape-like clustering upon inoculation onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells. The biological characterization indicated that the isolate PARC-I possessed standard properties of other known serotypes of AAV. Although, the new isolate is biologically and serologically identical to serotype-4 of AAV, it is more virulent than the previously known strains of serotype-4. The present work has further indicated that isolates obtained from different TIPS outbreaks over the last 10 years have identical in vitro and in vivo characteristics.
The polypeptide analysis using SDS-PAGE confirmed the identity of i-IPS virus as AAV. The protein pattern of prototype strain of serotype-4 is quite comparable with those of the new isolate. The protein Profile of the isolate PARC-i and eleven other AAV serotypes were also compared. The results indicated that there were seven dense identifiable protein bands on the gel. These virus polypeptides were designated as II, Ill, lIla, IV, IVa, V and VI with molecular weights of 120 Kd, 86 Kd, 65 Kd, 55 Kd, 48 Kd, 42 Kd and 24 Kd, respectively.
Western blotting was also performed to identify common immunogenic antigen (s) amongst the PARC-I isolate and other AAV serotypes of group- I. A total of 7 common bands of the same MW as seen in the gel were detectable in the lane of PARC-i isolate and the lanes of serotypes 1-1 1. In PARC-i lanes, one band above 120 Kd was seen reacting to the hyperimmune serum whereas, 2-3 such bands were detectable in other 1-I I serotypes ol' avian adenoviruses. The western blot studies indicated that at least five of the major proteins are conserved in the eleven AAV serotypes and PARC-i isolate. Although minor antigenic variations among different avian adenovirus serotypes existed no significant differences in the immunogenic proteins, among the eleven adenovirus serotypes, were observed except serotype-9, where 24 Kd band was uniquely present. The sharing of common antigens in various serotypes especially between serotype-9 and PARC-i isolate indicated that this serotype might be useful for developing heterotypic vaccine against HPS, as many field reports indicate failure of currently used vaccines to confer effective resistance in chickens especially 3-4 wks post FIPSV vaccination. One of the reasons of the persistence of HPS might be due to the absence of maternal immunity in broilers, as the breeders are neither properly immunized nor hyperimmunized against HPS.
All the four experimental vaccines provoked almost similar level of protection in the inoculated broiler chicks as they resisted virulent HPSV challenge on 25th day postvaccination. A decrease in protection levels from days 32 postchallenge onwards was evidenced by decrease in the corresponding antibody titre in the vaccinated chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0594,T] (1).
36.
Effect Of Myco Ad On Immune Response Of Broiler Chickens Against Newcastle Disease Virus
by Raza Younas, M | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was aimed at knowing the ability of Mycoad in countering the ill effects on the health of broiler chicken, offered feed possessing acceptable levels of aflatoxins. The study was conducted on 140 birds, divided into two groups designated as A and B each given further sub-division into Al and A2, B1 and B2, all comprising equal number of birds. Groups Al and B1 were given plain feed and groups A2 and B2 were given medicated feed. The aflatoxin level of each feed sample was estimated prior to their use. The feed fed to group A birds had its aflatoxin level as 41.0 PPb, whereas the feed given to group II birds had 37.6 PPb of aflatoxin. The ill effects on the birds were determined on the basis of feed conversion ratio (FCR) values and immune response against ND virus.
The immune response of the birds given plain feed was poorer as compared to those winch were given Myco-ad treated feed. The GMT values of specific antibodies of the group Al birds came to be 36.8, 22.6, 8.6 respectively on 14th, 28th and 42nd day of the age of
birds, whereas group A2 birds had these values as 39.54, 29.69 and
11.64. The same was true for group B birds, where 111 birds gave
GMT values of 37.28, 26.64 and 41.92, respectively on 14th, 28th and
42nd day of the age of birds and B2 birds gave their values as 39.54,
29.69 and 11.64.
The FCR values based findings were also in support of birds given Myco-ad treated feed. The group Al birds gave their values as
1.26, 1.55, 1.77, 1.98, 242 and 2.32, respectively on 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd day of the age of birds, whereas group A2 birds gave their values as 1.19, 1.50, 1.73, 1.96, 2.06 and 2.24. Similarly, group [11 birds showed FCR values of 1.29, 1.63, 1.73, 1.94, 2.08 and
2.40, respectively on 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd day of their life, whereas group 132 birds gave their values as 1.17, 1.50, 1.68, 1.92, 2.03 and 2.24.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0665,T] (1).
37.
Comparative Sensitivity Of Agpt, Iha & Elisa In Determing The Antibody Response Against Ibd Virus Using Intermediate Plus (Hot) Strain 228E and Bur706
by Asim, M | Dr . Muhammad Naeem | Dr . Khalid | Dr . Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was aimed at determining the comparative sensitivity of AGPT, IHA and ELISA. By determining the maternal antibody titre against IBDV. The protective efficacy of vaccines 228-E, BUR-706 and Gumboral CT was also evaluated by challenging the vaccinated birds with virulent IBD virus. A total of 200 day-old birds were randomly divided into four equal groups designated A, B, C and D. Chicks of group A, B and C were vaccinated with 228-F, BUR-706 and Gumboral CT, respectively. Group B served as un-vaccinated control.
ELISA was found more sensitive than AGPT and IHA in determining maternal antibody titre. Higher antibody titres were produced by 228-F compared to BUR-706 and Gumboral CT, respectively. Maximum mean ELISA titres in group A, B, C and D on day 35 were 10,080, 8539, 7022 and 537, respectively.
Decline in maternal antibody titre was observed weekly. AGPT could detect it up to day 14, while IHA up to day 2] and ELISA up to day 35.
228-F [Intermediate Hot (Plus) strain] provided maximum protection in vaccinated birds when challenged on day 20 and day 35 post-vaccination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0675,T] (1).
38.
Passive Immuniation Of Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Birds
by Raheel Arshad | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Khalid | Dr . Sa meera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Present study was designed to determine the contribution of maternal immunity against the Newcastle disease (ND). In the study two hundred and ten white leghorn cockerels were used. A velogenic ND virus field isolate was used for the challenge. Lethal Dose 50 (LD5O) of the velogenic strain of ND virus was calculated which was 10.727. Maternal antibody levels of the chicks were determined on weekly basis by using the haemaggldtination inhibition (HI) test. The maternal geometric mean HI titre recorded at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of the age of birds were 147, 157.6, 22.6, 13 and 2.6 respectively. The protection offered by maternal immunity in chicks challenged with 100 LD50 at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age was, 100, 100, 70, 10 and 0 percent respectively. It was concluded that birds having maternal hurnoral immunity more than 64 GMT showed 100% protection to challenge infection. The effect of immunized egg yolk to ND infected birds was also studied. The HI titre of immunized yolk was determined and then different HI units of the immunized yolk were prepared with normal saline. It was observed that egg yolk (1 ml, 64 HI units) injected to ND challenged birds showed 100% protection as compared to that of control group (given 1 ml of 0 HI units of the yolk). The cost of the production of immunized yolk was also determined that was Rs.0.35 / dose (1 ml : 64 HI units).
From the study, it was inferred that the hyper immunized yolk can be used as therapeutic agent to cure the ND infected birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0679,T] (1).
39.
Immuno Prophylaxis Of Entrerotoxaemia In Sheep And Goats
by Shahzad Jawed | Dr . Muhammad Naeem | Dr . Asif | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the comparative efficacy of three different adjuvant (Potassium aluminium sulphate, Aluminium hydroxide gel and mineral oil) for enhancing the immune potential of enterotoxaemia (combined) vaccine. T)ifferent standard biological media alongwith the supplementation of amino acids, minerals, plants and animal extracts and special modified formulated media were used for the production of alam precipitated vaccine, aluminium hydroxide gel adsorbed vaccine and oil adjuvant vaccine.
It was concluded that addition of various ingredients, including yeast extracts, trace elements, amino acids, plants and animal extract, and cystine hydrochloride in proper concentration, increased the level of prototoxin and toxin in culture media due to the availability of essential required nutrients. Mouse model was chosen to study the safety and potency test of all the vaccines. The potency of all three vaccines was compared. In this experiment alam precipitated vaccine proved inferior to aluminium hydroxide gel adsorbed and oil adjuvant vaccine. In case of oil based vaccine especially in sheep the IHA antibody was significant in vaccine having potency of 750 HU/ml but on the other hand vaccine have potency 250 and 500 HU/ml were proved non significant, and the day 45 was proved significant in developing the antibody titre than that of 15 and 30 days. Same the picture was observed in case of goals that oil adjuvant vaccine was significant that of aluminized and toxoid adsorbed vaccine. It was observed that the protection afforded to goats by multivalent clostridial vaccine was higher than afforded to sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0683,T] (1).
40.
Passive Immunization Of Infectious Bursal Disease Infected Broiler Chicks
by Fazli Rabbi | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Khalid | Dr . Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a common problem in commercial unvaccinated birds and causing heavy economical losses to the poultry industry. Chicken layers when primed with oil based 113D vaccine at age of 13 weeks and boosted with the same vaccine at 15 weeks of age showed high titre of yolk agar gel precipitating (AGPT) antibodies against IBD virus when tested on 21 and 28 weeks of age. Storage temperature (+4°C and -20°C) had undetectable effects on the physical properties (color and smell) and AGPT titres of the hyperimmunized yolk contnining 0.5% forrnalin (v/v). r[he AGPT antibody titre of the hyperimmunized yolk had good correlation with the enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELTSA) titre of 113D virus antibodies (r: 0.92). The IBD infected broilers (28 days old) when passively immunized with the yolk (one ml: 64 AGPT units of IBD antibody titre) induced 80% recovery as compared to that of untreated (control) birds. It is anticipated that the hyperimmunized yolk may he used as a therapeutic agent to cure the IBD infected birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0687,T] (1).
41.
Preparation & Evaluation Of Alum Precipitated & Oil Based Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccines
by Dr . Khushi Muhammad Zulfiqar Ali | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Asif | Dr . Lrshad Hussain | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Pasteurcila multocida was isolated and characterised on the basis of cultural biochemical serological and pathogenicitytests.The dense culture of the organism was achieved in a fermenter that was provided sterilized air during incubation. Two types of the formalin inactivated Pastcurclla multocida vaccines (oil-based and alum precipitated) were prepared and their efficacy was evaluated in bovine. It was observed that oil-based haemorrhagic septicacmia (HS) vaccine induced high level of indirect haemalutiiiating (IHA) antibodies in the vaccinated cattle which persisted for more than 6 months. In contrast, alum precipitated HS vaccine induced immunity breakdown in the cattle with high titres of IHA antibodies while induced mw level of IHA antibodies, which persisted for 4 months.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0694,T] (1).
42.
A Comparative Evaluation Of Sodium Alginate, Potasium Aluminium For Enhancing The Immunogenic Response Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine
by Tariq Mahmood Khan, Major | Dr . Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr . Asif | Dr . Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the comparative efficacy of three different adjuvants (Potassium aluminum sulphate, mineral oil and sodium alginate) for enhancing the immune potential of haemorrhagic septicemia vaccines. A special media was prepared for the production of alum precipitated vaccine, sodium alginate vaccine and oil adjuvant vaccine. It was concluded that addition of various ingredients, including yeast extracts, cane sugar, sodium chloride and casein hydrolysate in proper concentration, increased the number of bacterial population in culture media and HS organism developed its full antigenic characteristics due to availability of essential required nutrients. Mouse model was chosen to study the safety and potency test of all the three vaccines. The potency of all three vaccines was compared and calculated by a standard method of Ose and Muenstar (1968). In this experiment APV proved inferior to SAV and OAV with the log protection value of 3.2 and 3.6. Sodium alginate vaccine gave better results with log protection value of 3.9 and 4, but slightly inferior to that of oil adjuvant vaccine. However, a plus point of this vaccine is that it is easy to prepare and simple to administer. The alginate alone is non immunogenic, it forms a stable, colloidal transparent solution in water and is devoid of disadvantages in commonly used chemical oil adjuvant. Oil adjuvant vaccine provides much better results with log protection value of 5.2 and 5.8 as compared to APV and SAV. After storage at room temperature, only 1.2 % separation of oil phase occurred being for less than the tolerable limit of 5%. The final product formed was creamy and whitish in colour and evenly adhered to the surface of glass bottle. Undoubtedly advantages of alginate vaccine lie in the simplicity and easy administration but the immunity conferred by oil adjuvant vaccine is of longer duration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0695,T] (1).
43.
Studies On Sodium Alginate And Other Adjuvants For Improving Efficacy Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine
by Khalid Mahmood Shad | Dr . Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr . Haji Ahmad | Dr . Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present study was conducted on 80 cow and buffalo calves to determine the effect of incorporation of sodium alginate, potassium aluminum sulphate and liquid paraffin on the immunogenicity of H.S. vaccines. The study was carried out 3 months old cow calves and buffalo calves (40 each). The calves were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D comprising ten animals of each species. Group B, C and D were innoculated with oil adjuvants vaccine, potassium aluminium sulphate vaccine and sodium alignate vaccine respectively, while group A wa kept unvaccinated control. The blood samples were collected for IHA antibody titre on day one i.e. before vaccination and then fortnightly post vaccination till the end of the project i.e. 90th day.
The IHA antibody titre of all experimental animals on day one was nearly same ranging from GMT 7.20-11.20. After vaccination IHA antibody titre rose, in all groups of vaccinated animals of both species to GMT 192.00-204.80, 128.00-147.00 and 108.00 in groups B, C and D, respectively. The maximum GMT antibody titre was observed in group B followed by D and C. The IHA antibody titre in group A remained nearly the same as on day 1. The antibody titre was significantly higher (P<0.01) in vaccinated groups than non vaccinated group. While in group B (OAV) IHA antibody titre was significantly higher (P<0.05) than group C (PAV) and D (SAV). But the plus point with SAV is that, it is very simple to prepared, easy to stoe and administred, and have a longer shelf life.
From these findings it can be concluded that oil adjuvant vaccine provided better immunity to both buffalo calves and cow calves, as only one shot of this vaccine could protect an animal for one year. However, there is need for further investigation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0697,T] (1).
44.
Studies Of The Production And Detection Of Haemolytic Toxin In In Vitro Culture Of Clostridium Perfringens Type D
by Bakht Sultan | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Haji Ahmad | Dr . Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Physicochemical factors modulating the production of haemolysin in culture of Clostridium perfringens (type-D) were evaluated. It was observed that toxin was produced in all the three media. The maximum titer of (4184) was achieved in RCM. The titer in thioglycollate was 2088 and in RCM with K2HPO4 were 1248 after 24 hours incubation. It was observed that pH 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5 of the medium before incubation resulted 1024, 4184 and 1576 haemolytic titers. Anaerobic environment and neutral pH during incubation augmented the haemolysin production in the culture. Trypsin 0.1 percent in the culture filtrate converted the prototoxin into haemolysin which exhibited maximum lytic activity in 60 minutes interaction time. Trypsin solution (1 percent) alone failed to induce haemolysis while the haemolysin showed maximum haemolytic activity at 37°C. The trypsinised culture supernatant (haemolysin) induced lysis of erythrocytes of sheep, goat, horse and chicken.
The resultant high titer of haemolysin unveiled the propects of preparation of combined vaccines for sheep and goats.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0698,T] (1).
45.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Newcastle Disease Virus (Mesogenic Strain) Oil Based Vaccine
by Shafi Ullah Chand | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Sameera Akhtar | Dr . Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present work was proposed to prepare oil based Newcastle disease virus vaccine and to compare its efficacy with imported vaccines. An oil based ND vaccine was prepared using moderately virulent strain of NDV. The virus was cultured in chicken embryos. The allanto-amniotic fluid, chorioallantoic membrane and infected embryo (virus suspension) was subjected to titration. The HA titer of allanto-amniotic fluid (AAF), chorloallantoic membrane (CAM) and embryo was upto 512, 1024 and 2048, respectively. The MD50 was calculated to be 1088/0.1ml.
Effect of temperature on its keeping quality was determined by estimation of its HA potential at various intervals. The AAF was processed for inactivation, sterility and safety tests. Formalin at a rate of 0.12% inactivated the NDV in 48 hours at 37°C. Addition of antibiotic such as gentarnycin and nystatin inhibited common contaminants. An oil based NDV vaccine was prepared by mixing one part of processed AAF in 4 parts of oil base. The oil base contained 4% emulsifier span-80 and 1% tween-80. The vaccine thus prepared from moderately virulent strain was antigenically comparable with the imported ND vaccine. The cost of vaccine production using moderately virulent NDV was Rs.463/bottle (1000 doses) compared to RS.1250/- per bottle of imported vaccine. The price of one ml diagnostic antigen was calculated at Rs.2/ml.
The results of present project encourage to develop an economical and effective oil based ND vaccine and diagnostic HA NDV antigen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0700,T] (1).
46.
A Study On Physico Chemical Actors Affecting The Survial Of Avian Influenza (H9 N2) Virus
by Tehmina Sadaf | Dr . Sameera Akhtar | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: A total of 310 chicken embryos (9 day old) were purchased from local market. The embryos were incubated at 37°C. On eleventh day of age avian influenza virus (H9 N2) for its propagation was inoculated in 10 chicken embryos. The four haemagglutination titer (4HA) of the virus was prepared to observe the response to various physical and chemical factors. Physical factors included were temperature, pH and UV (280 nm) light. The virus, exposed to the physical factors for different time intervals was inoculated into embryos through allantoic route. These embryos were kept in an incubator (37°C) for 72 hours. Later on the allantoic amniotic fluid (AAF) from each inoculated embryos subjected to spot haemagglutination test. The virus endured 56 °C temperature for 15 and 30 minutes while got inactivated in 45 minutes. More over virus survived at pH 7 for 15, 30 and 45 minutes but lost its HA activity at pH 5 and 9 in 15, 30 and 45 minutes. It was further examined that virus survived after 60 minutes exposure UV light but inactivated after 90 minutes. The disinfectants formalin, phenol, iodine solution and fin virus were used in 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% concentrations. The 4HA titer of virus was mixed in various concentrations of chemical disinfectants and was inoculated into embryonated eggs. The AAF of these eggs was subjected to spot agglutination test. The results of the test showed that all four chemicals formalin, phenol, iodine and fin virus inactivated the virus in 0.5% concentration in 15 minutes and all have good antiviral activity against avian influenza virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0703,T] (1).
47.
Effect Of Various Growth Promoting Antibiotics On The Immune And Digestive Systems Of Broiler Chickens
by Shahan Azeem | prof. Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Sameera Akhtar | Dr. Talat | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effects of growth promoting antibiotics on immune and digestive systems of broiler chickens. This study indicated that un-medicated un-vaccinated chickens had the higher body weights than the vaccinated un-medicated or medicated chickens.
Flavomycin, Lincomycin and Zinc bacitracin did not adversely affect the mean weights of spleen, thymus and livers of experimental chickens. However, the use of lincomycin, adversely affected the weight of bursa of' Fabricius. Furthermore, the use of Flavoinycin, Lincomycin and Zinc bacitracin did not have any adverse effects on the development of antibody titers against NDV and AIV. The total viable microflora counts of different treatment groups were not different from each other.
Evaluation of the economics of flocks at the end of the experiment indicated that un-medicated, un-vaccinated groups had higher profit returns and the Lincomycin medicated, vaccinated groups demonstrated lowest profit.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0738,T] (1).
48.
Passive Immunization Of Avian Influenza Virus Infected Broiler Chicks
by Muhamad Mahmood Mukhtar | Dr. Masood RAbbani | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Present study was conducted to determine the contribution of passive immunization against avian influenza disease. In this study, ten layer birds were vaccinated thrice at 21 days interval, using oil based avian influenza v irus (AIV: H7 type) vaccine. A high titer of anti-Al V-antibodies in blood serum and egg yolk of these birds was determined on 20(11 day post-boosting using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. A virulent avian influenza virus (H7 type) with mean embryo infective dose (E1D50) of l0 was used for challenging the birds. The hyperimmune serum and hyperimmune egg yolk (1ml, 128 HI units) injected to avian influenza virus (H7 type) challenged broiler chicks showed 100% protection as compared to that of virus control group (given I ml of 0 HI units of serum and yolk). Moreover, it was found suitable to passively immunize the birds before exposure or simultaneously with the exposure of avian influenza virus. The cost of the production of hyperimmune egg yolk was calculated as Rs. 0.43 per dose (1ml: 128 HI units), which was quite economical as compared to other chemotherapies. It is concluded that the hyperimmune serum and hyperimmune yolk can therapeutically be used to cure the avian influenza virus (H7 type) infected birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0776,T] (1).
49.
Passive Immunization Against Hydropericardium Syndrome Infected Broilers
by Ghazanfar khalid | Dr. Khushi Muhamad | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: In this project, passive immunization against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HPSV) infected broiler chicks was studied. The hyperimmune yolk and serum were raised in commercial layers by priming and boosting with formaldehyde inactivated HPSV vaccine. It was found that yolk and serum collected from the layers showed high titres of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) antibodies against HPS virus. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) of the HPS virus infected liver homogenate was calculated to be 1O-55/ml.
It was noted that the broiler chicks (26 days old) receiving yolk containing 256, 128, 64 and 32 units of IHA-anti-HPSV antibodies and virulent HPSV, simultaneously showed 100%, 100%, 100% and 60% protection. While the broiler chicks receiving serum containing 128, 64, 32 and 16 units of IHA anti-HPSV antibodies and virulent HPSV, simultaneously showed 100%, 100%, 40% and zero protection. The birds receiving yolk and serum of control group showed zero protection. It was observed that egg yolk (lml, 64 IHA-anti HPSV-antibodies) injected 24 hours before, at the same time and after 24 hours to HPSV challenged broilers showed 100% protection. While the clinically healthy birds 48 hours post challenge infection showed 60% protection and birds showing signs of the disease showed 20% protection.
The cost of the production of hyperimmune yolk was Rs. 0.50/dose (lml: 64 IHA units of anti-HPSV antibodies).
It was concluded that hyperimmune yolk could be used to cure the HPSV infected birds if administered immediately in the affected flocks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0781,T] (1).
50.
Comparative Immunogenicity Of Different Hydropericardium Syndrome (Hps) Vaccines In Broiolers
by Arfan Ahmad | Dr. Sameera Akhtar | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Formaldehyde inactivated hydro-pericardium syndrome (HPS) vaccine without any adjuvant (F-HPS), an oil based HPS vaccine (0- HPS) and alum precipitated HPS vaccine (A-HPS) were prepared and comparative immunogenicity was evaluated in broilers. These vaccines were injected to each bird of groupG1, 02 and G3 sub-cutaneously on 14t day of their age, respectively while the birds of group G4 were kept non-HPS vaccinated control. Each of the bird of each group was also vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus-NDV (LaSota strain: eye droppings) while birds of group G5 served as ND non vaccinated control.
Each of the vaccine induced detectable level of anti-HPS virus indirect haemagglutination (IHA) antibody titre. The 0-HPS vaccine induced higher titre ofthe anti-HPSV-IHA antibody titre that of F-HPS and A-HPS vaccines. All of the three vaccines induced resistance in the birds that showed 100% protection when were given challenge infection on 14 days post-vaccination while the birds of control group showed zero percent protection. At the time of challenge infection, anti- Newcastle disease virus haemagglutination inhibition (ND V-HI) antibody titres were same in the HPS vaccinated and un-vaccinated broilers.
It is concluded that all the vaccines induced effective immunity in the birds. The 0-HPS vaccine induced higher levels of anti-HPS virus IHA antibody titres than that of F-HPS and A-HPS vaccines. Moreover, non of the vaccine induced detectable level of immuno-modulatory effect on the anti-NDV-HI antibody titre of birds to NDV vaccine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0787,T] (1).
